Sapphire Tube：Precision Secondary Machining Capability Broad-Spectrum High Transmittance

Product Overview

    Sapphire tubes are tubular single-crystal components fabricated from high-purity synthetic single-crystal alumina (α-Al₂O₃). Single-crystal ingots are grown via processes such as the Kyropoulos method and Edge-defined Film-fed Growth (EFG), and then processed through multiple procedures including precision internal slicing, inner/outer cylindrical grinding and end-face polishing. They inherit all the excellent properties of sapphire single-crystal materials, integrating five core advantages: high temperature resistance, high hardness, strong corrosion resistance, high electrical insulation and broad-spectrum light transmission. They can operate stably for a long time under extreme working conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, strong corrosion and plasma bombardment, serving as a high-end upgrading alternative to quartz tubes, borosilicate glass tubes and ordinary ceramic tubes. They are widely used in semiconductors, high-temperature industries, optical lasers, chemical fluids, scientific research instruments and other fields. The products support full-dimensional customization and secondary precision machining, and can match the installation interfaces and process requirements of various equipment.

Core Technical Features

1.High-Purity Single-Crystal Material System

    Single crystals are grown from high-purity alumina raw material of 4N5 grade (99.995%) and above, with a hexagonal α-phase crystal structure. The whole tube is free of grain boundaries, pores and impurity segregation. Its crystal integrity and uniformity are far superior to polycrystalline ceramic and glass tubes, ensuring long-term performance stability under extreme working conditions.

2.Ultra-high Temperature & Thermal Shock Resistance

    The material has a melting point of up to 2050℃, a long-term continuous working temperature of up to 1600℃, and a short-term high-temperature tolerance of 1900℃. Its thermal expansion coefficient is only 5.8×10⁻⁶/℃, much lower than ordinary glass, and it can withstand severe thermal shock without cracking. It is suitable for high-temperature thermal scenarios such as tube furnaces, high-temperature sintering and plasma reactions.

3.Ultra-high Mechanical Strength & Wear Resistance

    With a Mohs hardness of 9, second only to diamond, it has a bending strength of approximately 400MPa and a compressive strength of approximately 2000MPa. The tube wall has strong mechanical rigidity, wear and scratch resistance, and can withstand high-pressure fluid scouring and high-speed airflow erosion. It is not easy to produce scratches and wear after long-term use, and its service life is several times that of quartz tubes.

4.Strong Chemical Inertness & Corrosion Resistance

    It is almost insoluble in all strong acids, alkalis and organic solvents at room temperature, and can only be slowly corroded by hydrofluoric acid and hot phosphoric acid. It can withstand harsh process environments such as plasma etching and vapor deposition in semiconductor manufacturing, without particle shedding and material aging, ensuring process cleanliness and product yield.

5.Excellent Electrical Insulation & Dielectric Properties

    With a room-temperature resistivity higher than 10¹⁴ Ω·cm, it has excellent electrical insulation, stable dielectric constant and ultra-low dielectric loss. It can achieve reliable electrical isolation under high-voltage and high-frequency working conditions without leakage, sparking and signal interference, and is suitable for RF plasma, high-voltage power, microwave devices and other scenarios.

6.Broad-Spectrum High Transmittance Optical Performance

    It has high light transmittance in a broad band from 190nm ultraviolet to 4.5μm mid-infrared, and the visible light transmittance can reach more than 85%. Optical-grade tubes can achieve mirror polishing on both inner and outer walls, and the light transmission efficiency can be further improved with anti-reflection coatings. They are suitable for optical applications such as laser cavities, optical detection flow cells and ultraviolet reaction devices.

7.Full-Parameter Customization & Precision Machining Capability

    Full-dimensional customization of outer diameter, inner diameter, wall thickness and length is supported. Various structures such as straight tubes, stepped tubes, reducing tubes, grooved tubes and flanged tubes can be processed. Secondary processing such as end-face mirror polishing, inner/outer cylindrical fine grinding, chamfering, precision drilling and surface patterning can be completed to accurately match equipment installation requirements.

8.Sealing Assembly & System Compatibility

    High-precision sealing assembly of sapphire tubes with metal housings and ceramic bases can be realized. Supporting components such as custom flanges, sealing interfaces and positioning structures are available. Finished products can be directly connected to equipment pipeline systems with reliable sealing performance, meeting the sealing requirements of high vacuum, high pressure and high-purity gas delivery.

Standard Specifications

Typical Applications

1. Semiconductor field: Plasma generator tubes, reaction chamber liner tubes, process gas delivery tubes, etching equipment protection tubes, semiconductor cleaning process pipelines
2. High-temperature industrial field: Tube furnace liners, high-temperature sintering protection tubes, thermocouple protection sleeves, single crystal growth furnace tubes, metallurgical high-temperature observation tubes
3. Optical laser field: Solid-state laser cavity tubes, laser flash lamp protection tubes, optical detection flow cells, UV/IR optical window tubes, spectrometer sample tubes
4. Chemical fluid field: Highly corrosive fluid delivery tubes, chemical reaction tubes, high-purity medium pipelines, high-pressure fluid observation tubes
5. Scientific research & medical field: Laboratory high-temperature reaction tubes, biomedical observation tubes, MEMS device packaging tubes, nuclear radiation detection window tubes

Quality Control

    A full-process semiconductor-grade quality control system is established. Each sapphire tube undergoes strict multi-dimensional inspection, and a complete Certificate of Analysis (COA) can be provided. Core inspection items include: inner/outer diameter and wall thickness dimensional accuracy inspection, coaxiality and straightness calibration, full-tube visual defect screening (scratches, edge chipping, bubbles, impurities), surface roughness and finish inspection, pressure resistance and air tightness testing, optical transmittance sampling inspection, cleanliness and dust-free packaging verification, ensuring accurate product parameters and stable performance to meet the s

tringent requirements of high-end industrial and scientific research scenarios.

Related products

定制蓝宝石材料,晶圆,窗户,杆及精密组件

用于DSP的光学玻璃蓝宝石基板 2英寸 0.1毫米 0.175毫米厚度晶圆